Strong in heat, no clear weak spot
The Horay Solar HS 210R-96 TC-D Cosmos series is a range of bifacial N-type modules designed to maximize energy production under real-world operating conditions - even when every square meter of roof space counts. Thanks to its glass-glass construction and bifacial operation, the panel can utilize reflected light from the ground, resulting in more stable daily energy production and improved return on investment.
A key feature of this series is the SMBB half-cell technology, which improves current collection and reduces heat losses within the cells, as well as low LID (light-induced degradation) susceptibility, which is typical for N-type modules - important for maintaining high efficiency over the long term. For installations exposed to harsh conditions, the modules offer enhanced environmental resistance (including saline mist and ammonia) and robust connection and junction box protection.
This is a good choice for roofs of homes, commercial buildings, and installations where high performance is important, even under less intense sunlight, and where long-term energy production predictability is desired.
Ranking
Signals from the data
Residential, commercial and shaded-installations.
Top 4% of the TOPCon 400-450 W segment, against a median of -0.290. Ranked 1,309th in the whole database.
The peak efficiency of 22.8% places the Cosmos series on par with the best-in-class peer comparables (Sunlike Solar SKT420~455M10-108D6: 22.8%, IBC Module LS-TA2: 22.8%) and well above the Waaree ARKA series (20.93%). On space-constrained rooftops, this translates directly into higher energy yield per square meter of available area.
The official datasheet guarantees ≥87.4% of nameplate power after 30 years of operation, implying an annual degradation rate below 0.43%. This compares favorably to the market standard of 25 years / 84.8% retained power offered by many Tier-1 manufacturers (JA Solar, Longi), and the higher terminal value improves LCOE projections in long-horizon financial models.
N-type TOPCon cells feature a temperature coefficient of Pmax at −0.28%/°C versus the typical −0.35%/°C for PERC, which in Polish climate conditions (module temperatures of 55–70°C in summer) yields a real seasonal output gain of approximately 2–3%. Super Multi Busbar (SMBB) cell interconnection minimizes series resistance losses, while inherently low LID ensures stable nameplate power from the first weeks of operation.
A glass-glass module with a ~80% bifacial factor harvests an additional 4–12% of energy from ground-reflected irradiance (white TPO membrane, gravel, or light-colored roofing). The dual-glass construction also eliminates backsheet delamination risk common in older PV designs and improves long-term mechanical integrity.
Horay Solar achieved BNEF bankable Tier 1 status in Q1 2025 — a prerequisite for project financing and insurance on commercial installations. Certifications to IEC61215:2021 and IEC61730:2023 (2023 edition), combined with declared resistance to salt mist and ammonia, make the series suitable for agri-PV and coastal deployments.
The product warranty covers 15 years, whereas higher-tier premium manufacturers (Hanwha Q-CELLS Q.PEAK DUO, Panasonic EverVolt) offer 25-year product warranties in a comparable price bracket. For institutional investors whose project insurance or lender requirements mandate a minimum 20-year product warranty, this may be a disqualifying criterion.
Horay Solar is a relatively new entrant on the BNEF Tier 1 list (since Q1 2025, founded 2010, annual capacity ~2,500 MW), without an established authorized service network in Poland. In the event of a product warranty claim, response times and spare-parts availability may be longer than those of manufacturers with multi-year European distribution footprints (JA Solar, Longi, Canadian Solar) — a tangible risk for commercial-scale installations.
- Efficiency of 22.0% matches the TOPCon 400-450W median
- At 220.2 W/m² power density, roof space requirements are typical for TOPCon 400-450W panels
- At -0.28%/°C, hot weather performance is typical for TOPCon 400-450W panels
- At 24.5 kg, this panel is 2.5 kg heavier than the TOPCon 400-450W median (22.0 kg) - more demanding for installation crews
- Bifaciality factor of 80% can add 4-12% extra yield with reflective mounting surface
Specifications
Datasheet charts
Measured curves published by Horay Solar in this model's datasheet. A chart carrying a wattage was measured on that variant alone - only the ones that describe 440 Wp appear here. The rest cover the whole series.
Simulations
Degradation from this panel's own datasheet figures. No inverter, soiling or shading losses.
Model: bifaciality × albedo × 0.6 view factor. A first-order estimate, not a yield simulation.
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